2008 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma 5502 Old Highway 43 P O Box 559 Satsuma, Alabama 36572 Telephone (251) 675-1257 Fax (251) 675 1807 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report January-December 2008   The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma   We are pleased to present to you this year's Annual Water Quality Report. This report is designed to inform you about the quality water and services we deliver to you every day. Our constant goal is to provide you with a safe and dependable supply of drinking water. We want you to understand the efforts we make to continually improve the water treatment process and protect our water resources. We are committed to ensuring the quality of your water.  Our water sources are three groundwater wells.  The water we supply comes from the Alluvial Sand of the Quaternary Age Aquifer.  Well #1A is located on Plateau Avenue.  Well #2 located on the corner of Third Street and Plateau Avenue and Well # 3 at the corner of Woodland Avenue and Seventh Street.  We add chlorine to the water to kill bacteria, lime to produce a desirable water quality by raising the pH level to reduce corrosion and acidic conditions.  Zinc orthophosphate is used for corrosion control.  We serve approximately 2367 customers and have 2 storage tanks for a combined capacity of 950,000 gallons.  We also have additional connections with Saraland Water for emergency purposes only.   In compliance with the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM), The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma has developed a Source Water Assessment that will assist in protecting our water sources. This plan provides additional information such as potential sources of contamination. It includes a susceptibility analysis, which classifies potential contaminants as high, moderate, or non-susceptible to contaminating the water source. Over 75% percent of the potential contaminants sited in our assessment areas were ranked as non-susceptible and medium risk. The report has been completed and approved by ADEM. A copy of the report is available in our office for review, or you may purchase a copy upon request for a nominal reproduction fee.  I'm pleased to report our drinking water is safe and meets federal and state requirements. Please help us make this effort worthwhile by protecting our source water. Carefully follow instructions on pesticides and herbicides you use for your lawn and garden, and properly dispose of household chemicals, paints and waste oil. If you have questions about this report or concerning your water utility, please contact Bud McCrory, (251) 675-1257. We want our valued customers to be informed about their water utility.   If you want to learn more, please attend our regularly scheduled meetings held on the first Monday of every month at 5:00 P.M. at the Water and Sewer Board office located at 5502 Old Highway 43, Satsuma, Alabama.  Please visit our website at www.satsumawater.com for more information.                 BOARD MEMBERS William  Stewart III, Chairman       Billy Jackson, Vice-Chairman        Jeff Hardegree, Secretary/Treasurer                                      David Flint     Pratt Monk     Billy Joe McCrory, Jr., Director Important Drinking Water Definitions: Action Level (AL) - The concentration of a contaminant that triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system shall follow. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) - The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.  MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) - The level of a contaminant in drinking water below, which there is no known or expected risk to health.  MCLGs allow for a margin of safety. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL) – The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal  (MRDLG) – The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. Millirems  per year (mrem/yr) - Measure of radiation absorbed by the body. Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) - Nephelometric turbidity unit is a measure of the clarity of water. Turbidity in excess of 5 NTU is just noticeable to the average person. Non-Detects (ND) - Laboratory analysis indicates that the constituent is not present. Parts per million (ppm) or Milligrams per liter (mg/L) - One part per million corresponds to one minute in two years or a single penny in $10,000. Parts per billion (ppb) or Micrograms per liter (µg/L) - One part per billion corresponds to one minute in 2,000 years, or a single penny in $10,000,000. Parts per trillion (ppt) or Nanograms per liter (ng/L) - One part per trillion corresponds to one minute in 2,000,000 years, or a single penny in $10,000,000,000. Parts per quadrillion (ppq) or Picograms per liter (pg/L) - One part per quadrillion corresponds to one minute in 2,000,000,000 years or one penny in $10,000,000,000,000. Picocuries per liter (pCi/L) - Picocuries per liter is a measure of the radioactivity in water. Treatment Technique (TT) - A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water. Threshold Odor Number (T.O.N.)     - The greatest dilution of a sample with odor-free water that still yields a just-detectable odor. Variances & Exemptions - ADEM or EPA permission not to meet an MCL or a treatment technique under certain conditions. Explanation of reasons for variance/exemptions Based on a study conducted by ADEM with the approval of the EPA a statewide waiver for the monitoring of asbestos and dioxin was issued. Thus monitoring for these contaminants was not required. The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma routinely monitors for contaminants in your drinking water according to Federal and State laws.  Unless otherwise noted, the data presented in the following tables show the results of our monitoring period of January 1st to December 31st, 2008. Table of Primary Drinking Water Contaminants At high levels some primary contaminants are known to pose a health risks to humans.  This table provides a quick glance of any primary contaminant detections. CONTAMINANT MCL AMOUNT DETECTED CONTAMINANT MCL AMOUNT DETECTED Bacteriological     Chloramines (ppm) 4 ND Total Coliform Bacteria < 5% ND Chlorite (ppm) 1 ND Turbidity (NTU) (2007) TT ND Endothall (ppb) 100 ND Fecal Coliform & E. coli 0 ND Endrin (ppb) 2 ND Radiological (2007)     Epichlorohydrin (ppb) TT ND Beta particle and  photon (mrem/yr) 4 ND Glyphosate (ppb) 700 ND Gross Alpha particle (pCi/L) 15 ND Heptachlor (ppt) 400 ND Combined radium 226 & 228 (pCi/L) 5 0.5 ± 0.7 Heptachlor Epoxide (ppt) 200 ND Tritium (pCi/L) 20,000 ND Hexachlorobenzene (ppb) 1 ND Strontium 90 (pCi/L) 8 ND Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (ppb) 50 ND Uranium (ppb) 30 ND Lindane (ppt) 200 ND Inorganic (2007)     Methoxychlor (ppb) 40 ND Antimony (ppb) 6 ND Oxamyl [Vydate] (ppb) 200 ND Arsenic (ppb) 10 ND Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)(ppt) 500 ND Asbestos (MFL) 7 ND Pentachlorophenol (ppb) 1 ND Barium (ppm) 2 0.095 Picloram (ppb) 500 ND Beryllium (ppb) 4 ND Simazine (ppb) 4 ND Cadmium (ppb) 5 ND Toxaphene (ppb) 3 ND Chromium (ppb) 100 ND Benzene (ppb) 5 ND Copper (ppm) AL=1.3 0.14 Carbon Tetrachloride (ppb) 5 ND Cyanide (ppb) 200 ND Monochlorobenzene (ppb) 100 ND Fluoride (ppm) 4 ND Dibromochloropropane (ppt) 200 ND Lead (ppb) AL=15 0.49 0-Dichlorobenzene (ppb) 600 ND Mercury (ppb) 2 ND Para-dichlorobenzene (ppb) 75 ND Nickel (ppb) 100 ND 1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb) 5 ND Nitrate (as N)(ppm) (2008) 10 0.2 1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb) 7 ND Nitrite (as N)(ppm) 1 ND Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) 70 ND Total Nitrate/Nitrite (ppm) (2008) 10 0.2 Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb) 100 ND Selenium (ppb) 50 ND Dichloromethane (ppb) 5 ND Sulfate (ppm) 500 ND 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb) 5 ND Thallium (ppb) 2 ND Ethylbenzene (ppb) 700 ND Organic Chemicals (2007)     Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)(ppt) 50 ND 2,4-D (ppb) 70 ND Styrene (ppb) 100 ND 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) (ppb) 50 ND Tetrachloroethylene (ppb) 5 ND Acrylamide (ppm) TT ND 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb) 70 ND Alachlor (ppb) 2 ND 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb) 200 ND Atrazine (ppb) 3 ND 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb) 5 ND Benzo(a)pyrene[PHAs] (ppt) 200 ND Trichloroethylene (TCE)(ppb) 5 ND Carbofuran (ppb) 40 ND Total trihalomethanes (TTHM)(ppb) 80 5.9 Chlordane (ppb) 2 ND Toluene (ppm) 1 ND Dalapon (ppb) 200 ND Vinyl Chloride (ppb) 2 ND Di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (ppb) 400 ND Chlorine (ppm) (2008) 4 0.44 - 2.11 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthlates (ppb) 6 ND Chlorine dioxide (ppb) 800 ND Dinoseb (ppb) 7 ND Bromate (ppb) 10 ND Diquat (ppb) 20 ND Total Organic Carbon (TOC) TT ND Dioxin[2,3,7,8-TCDD] (ppq) 30 ND Xylenes (Total)(ppm) 10 ND       Haloacetic Acids (HAA5)(ppb) 60 ND   In addition to the primary drinking water contaminants, the utility monitors regularly for the following unregulated, secondary and special contaminants as regulated by the Alabama Department of Environmental Management.  The requirement of this additional monitoring and reporting will further insure the safety of your drinking water and will keep you, as a utility customer, more informed.   Table of Unregulated Drinking Water Contaminants (2007) CONTAMINANT Average CONTAMINANT Average 1,1 - Dichloropropene ND Chloroform ND 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene ND Chloromethane ND 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane ND Chlorodibromomethane ND 1,1-Dichloroethane ND Dibromomethane ND 1,2,3 - Trichlorobenzene ND Dicamba ND 1,2,3 - Trichloropropane ND Dichlorodifluoromethane ND 1,2,4 - Trimethylbenzene ND Dieldrin ND 1,3 - Dichloropropane ND Hexachlorobutadiene ND 1,3 - Dichloropropene ND Isopropylbenzene ND 1,3,5 - Trimethylbenzene ND M-Dichlorobenzene ND 2,2 - Dichloropropane ND Methomyl ND 3-Hydroxycarbofuran ND MTBE ND Aldicarb ND Metolachlor ND Aldicarb Sulfone ND Metribuzin ND Aldicarb Sulfoxide ND N - Butylbenzene ND Aldrin ND Naphthalene ND Bromobenzene ND N-Propylbenzene ND Bromochloromethane ND O-Chlorotoluene ND Bromodichloromethane ND P-Chlorotoluene ND Bromoform ND P-Isopropyltoluene ND Bromomethane ND Propachlor ND Butachlor ND Sec - Butylbenzene ND Carbaryl ND Tert - Butylbenzene ND Chloroethane ND Fluorotrichloromethane ND   Table of Secondary Drinking Water Contaminants (2007) CONTAMINANT AMOUNT DETECTED MCL UNIT MEASUREMENT Aluminum ND 20 ppb Chloride ND 250 ppm Color ND 15 PCU Copper ND 1 ppm Foaming Agents ND 500 ppb Iron 220 300 ppb Manganese 20 50 ppb Odor ND 3 T.O.N. Silver ND 100 ppb Sulfate ND 250 ppm Total Dissolved Solids ND 500 ppm Zinc 0.81 5 ppm   Table of Special Drinking Water Contaminants (2007) CONTAMINANT AMOUNT DETECTED MCL UNIT MEASUREMENT Calcium 8.0 N/A ppm Carbon Dioxide ND N/A ppm Magnesium 1.5 N/A ppm pH ND N/A S.U. Sodium 15 N/A ppm Specific Conductance ND N/A umhos Sulfates ND N/A ppm Temperature ND N/A ⁰C Total  Alkalinity ND N/A ppm Total Hardness (as CaCO3) 26 N/A ppm Secondary Drinking Water Standards are guidelines regulating contaminants that may cause cosmetic effects (such as skin or tooth discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or color) in drinking water.  ADEM has Secondary Drinking Water Standards established in state regulations applicable to water systems required to monitor for the various components. Unregulated contaminants are those for which EPA has not established drinking water standards. The purpose of unregulated contaminant monitoring is to assist EPA in determining the occurrence of unregulated contaminants in drinking water and whether future regulation is warranted. All drinking water, including bottled drinking water, may be reasonably expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants.  It's important to remember that the presence of these contaminants does not necessarily pose a health risk.  The EPA or ADEM requires us to monitor for certain contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently.  The table below lists all of the drinking water contaminants that we detected. Table of Detected Drinking Water Contaminants CONTAMINANT MCLG MCL Range Amount Detected Likely Source of Contamination Radiological 2007       Combined Radium 226 & 228 0 5 0 - 0.5 0.5 pCi/L Erosion of natural deposits Inorganic Contaminants 2007       Barium 2 2 0.022 - 0.095 0.095 ppm Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits Copper 1.3 AL=1.3 No. of Sites above action level                           0 0.14 ppm Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives Lead 0 AL=15 No. of Sites above action level                           0 0.49 ppb Corrosion of household plumbing systems, erosion of natural deposits Nitrate (as N) (2008) 10 10 ND - 0.2 0.2 ppm Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits Total Nitrate & Nitrite (2008) 10 10 ND - 0.2 0.2 ppm Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits Organic Contaminants 2007       Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) 0 80 5.9 - 5.9 5.9 ppb By-product of drinking water chlorination Chlorine (2008) MRDLG 4 MRDL 4 0.44 - 2.11 2.11 ppm Water additive used to control microbes Secondary Contaminants 2007     Iron N/A 0.3 ND - 0.22 ND ppm Erosion of natural deposits Manganese N/A 0.05 ND - 0.02 0.02 ppm Erosion of natural deposits Zinc N/A 5.0 0.58 - 0.81 0.81 ppm Erosion of natural deposits Special Contaminants 2007     Calcium N/A N/A 4.1 - 8.0 8.0 ppm Erosion of natural deposits Magnesium N/A N/A 0.97 - 1.5 1.5 ppm Erosion of natural deposits Sodium N/A N/A 5.8 - 15 15 ppm Naturally occurring in the environment Total Hardness (as CaCO3) N/A N/A 14 - 26 26 ppm Naturally occurring in the environment or as a result of treatment with water additives   The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells.  As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and radioactive material, and it can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activities. As you can see by the tables, our system had no monitoring violations of allowable limits of contaminants in drinking water. We’re proud that your drinking water meets or exceeds all Federal and State requirements. We have learned through our monitoring and testing that some contaminants have been detected. The EPA has determined that your water IS SAFE at these levels.  MCL’s are set at very stringent levels. To understand the possible health effects described for many regulated contaminants, a person would have to drink 2 liters of water every day at the MCL level for a lifetime to have a one-in-a-million chance of having the described health effect. Total Coliform: The Total Coliform Rule requires water systems to meet a stricter limit for coliform bacteria. Coliform bacteria are usually harmless, but their presence in water can be an indication of disease-causing bacteria. When coliform bacteria are found, special follow-up tests are done to determine if harmful bacteria are present in the water supply. If this limit is exceeded, the water supplier must notify the public by newspaper, television or radio. To comply with the stricter regulation, we have increased the average amount of chlorine in the distribution system. Lead in Drinking Water: “If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead.” Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. People who are immuno-compromised such as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients, HIV/AIDS positive or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. People at risk should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)/CDC (Center of Disease Control) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline. All Drinking water, including bottled drinking water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791). In our continuing efforts to maintain a safe and dependable water supply it may be necessary to make improvements in your water system. The costs of these improvements may be reflected in the rate structure. Rate adjustments may be necessary in order to address these improvements. Thank you for allowing us to continue providing your family with clean, quality water this year. In order to maintain a safe and dependable water supply we sometimes need to make improvements that will benefit all of our customers. These improvements are sometimes reflected as rate structure adjustments. Thank you for understanding. We at the Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma work around the clock to provide top quality water to every tap.  We ask that all our customers help us protect our water sources, which are the heart of our community, our way of life and our children’s future. For more information contact:                         Billy Joe (Bud) McCrory Jr, Director The Water and Sewer Board of the City of Satsuma 5502 Old Highway 43 P O Box 559 Satsuma, Alabama 36572-9559 Telephone (251) 675-1257 Fax (251) 675-1807